როსინის მივიწყებული შედევრის პრემიერა ლა სკალა–ს სცენაზე

rosinis opera ‘tbis qalwuli/La donna del lago’ aris dawerili valter skotis imave saxelwodebis poemis mixedviT. es opera seria pirvelad daidga 1819 wels saxelganTqmul neapolis san karlos TeatrSi. pirvel dadgmaze operas warmateba ar xvda wilad, Tumca Semdgomma dadgmebma gamoavlina msmenelis simpaTia da siyvaruli am nawarmoebis mimarT. magram samwuxaroc, igi male miiviwyes da mxolod XX saukunis ormocdaaTiani wlebis miwuruls Tavidan daidga jer italiaSi, Semdeg londonSi, xolo, 1981 wels ukve amerikis SeerTebul Statebis qalaq xiustonSic. 1983-sa da 1992 wlis warmodgenebi Cawerilia da gamoSvebulia cnobili xmis Camweri kompaniebis mier kompaqt diskebze da ukanaskneli (la skalas speqtakli) dvd-diskzec ki Caiwera, riTac bunebrivia operam didi popularoba moipova. ama wlis 26 noembers la skalas scenaze Sedga am operis premiera, Tumca es ar iyo evropuli premiera, radgan zustad es dadgma SarSan, pirvelad parizis Teatr “garnieSi” aJRerda da misi dadgma milanis Semdeg igegmeba aseve londonis Teatr “kovent gardenSic”.

 speqtaklSi  dakavebulni iyvnen operis scenis iseTi varskvlavebi, rogoricaa xuan diego floresi, jois didonato da daniela barselona.

radgan la skalas presakreditaciam sakmaod daayovna da piradi iniciativiT momiwia bileTis SeZena,  sabolood orive pirvel dadgmaze (26 da 29 oqtomberi) aRmomaCnda bileTi, aman gamaxara kidec, radganac am dadgmebSi duglasisa da rodrigos rolebSi gansxvavebuli Semsruleblebi gamodiodnen. 

CemTvis es pirveli viziti iyo rogorc milanSi, aseve saxelganTqmul “la skalas” TeatrSi. sanam daveswrebodi speqtakls, me vewvie Teatris muzeums – romelic operis fasadis marcxena Sesasvlelidan meore sarTulze ramodenime oTaxSi dagrovili suraTebis, biustebis da sxva xelovnebis nimuSebiT iyo warmodgenili. didi adgili ekava umSvenieres qalbaton primadonebis portretebs, maT Soris jiudita pastasi da maria malibranis. kompozitorebidan warmodgenili iyo  saxelganTqmuli bel-kantos triada: rosini, doniceti da belini, iqve vixile verdis, puCinisa da leonkavalos suraTebi da biustebi. XX saukunis momRerlebidan erT-erTi oTaxis gansxvavebul kedlebs amSvenebda tebaldisa da kalasis feradi portretebi da tenorebis – karuzosa da di stefanos saxeebi. ratomRac sxva saxelganTqmuli vokalistebi ar iyvnen warmodgenilni, amitomac muzeumi mcire da arasruli momeCvena. aRsaniSnavia rom aragaTviTcnobierebuli mnaxvelisaTvis muzeumi SesaZlo ar yofiliyo didad saintereso, radganac sainformacio mimzidveloba aklda muzeums. milanis ruqebis mixedviT (romelsac winaswar gavecani) Teatrs Caketili mdebareoba gaaCnda qalaqis centrSi. magram sinamdvileSi milanis saxelganTqmuli kaTedraluri taZris marcxena mxares ulamazesi viqtor emanuelis galereis Semdeg ixsneboda lamazi moedani, romelsac piaca dela skala hqvia da sadac leonardo da vinCis monumentia moTavsebuli. ai, moednis CrdiloeT nawilSi, quCis miRma imyofeba, erTi SexedviT SeumCneveli, magram musikis moyvarulebisTvis sanatreli da sayvareli, saxelganTqmuli Teatri ‘la skala’. igi ar warmoadgens did arqiteqturul Rirebulebas, arc Tavisi masStabebiTa da pompezurobiT mogxiblavT, magram moedans da mTlianad taZris gzas gaaCnia raRac ganumeorebeli mimzidveli xibli – simSvidis, sibrZnisa da ubraloebis, rac Tavidanve ganawyobs nebismier mnaxvels am adgilis mimarT, amitomacaa rom piacaze uamravi turisti iyrida Tavs da isvenebda iq ganTavsebul skamebze.    

premieris speqtaklze me pirveli galereis marjvena mxaris pirvel rigSi momiwia adgilis dakaveba – rac ‘la skalas’ eqvs-iarusian loJebis mwkrivSi meoTxe iyo. scenis marjvena nawilis xedi iyo sakmaod SezRuduli – Cems ukana rigebSi mravlad myofi axalgazrdebi (savaraudod studentebi) veWvob Tu raimes dainaxavdnen, amitomac maTi nawili skamebze iwva da mxolod usmenda speqtakls. akustika maRla iyo dabalansebuli – orkestri da xmebi ar faravdnen erTmaneTs, yoveli detali iyo gamokveTili. introduqciaSi orkestris odnavi xarvezis Semdeg roberto abadom STambeWdavi da unaklo Sesruleba SemogvTavaza. opera iwyeba gundiT da SemdgomSi gunds (rogorc mamakacTa aseve qalTa nawils) didi datvirTva eZleva orive moqmedebaSi. Cems mier evropis saopero scenaze mosmenil gundebs Soris es erT-erTi yvelaze saukeTeso iyo, romelic idealurad emorCileboda diriJors da arc maSin emCneoda raime xarvezi, rodesac igi asrulebda musikalur nomers orkestris im sasule nawilTan, romelic iyo scenis ukan ganTavsebuli.

operis siuJeti Semdegia: elenem da misma mamam, mefis karidan gandevnilma duglasma mTebSi, amboxebul rodrigosTan Seafares Tavi. elene mTel dReebs atarebs tbaze, sadac erT dRes, Tavis fiqrebSi garTuli, xvdeba gadacmul mefes, ubertos. ukanaskneli ganimsWvaleba mis mimarT siyvaruliT, Tumca elene ar pasuxobs mas am grZnobaze, radganac ukve uyvars sxva (malkolmi). uberto gaigebs ucnobi mandilosnis warmoSobas da imasac, rom is  misi dauZinebeli mtris rodrigos sacolea, aRivseba eWvianobiT.

scenaze gamoCndeba malkolmi, romelic uneblie mowme xdeba, elenesa da misi mamis im saubrisa, sadac mama arwmunebs elenes colad gahyves rodrigos. malkolmi daicavs elenes da Seetakeba gamoCenil rodrigosa da mis meomrebs. magram dapirispirebis dro ar aris, radganac metoqeebs saerTo mizanic aqvT, es mizani mefis winaaRmdeg brZolaa.

speqtaklis pirveli aqti as wuTs gagrZelda ise akuratulad, rogorc gamocxadebuli iyo. orive speqtakls, naxevarsaaTiani Sesvenebis Semdeg erT saaTiani meore aqti mohyva. miuxedavad elenes ulamazesi kavatinisa ("Oh mattutini albori") da grZeli duetisa ubertosTan ("Scendi nel piccol legno", “Sei gia sposa?.. Le mie barbare vicende"), msmenelis pirveli da didi aplodismentebi daimsaxura daniela barselonam malkolmis cnobil kavatinaSi ("Mura felice... Elena! oh tu, che chiamo"). 

barselonas didi da odnav myvirala xma hqonda, Tavisi didi aRnagobisa da msxvili xmis miuxedavad igi eleganturad da iolad umklavdeboda rTul pasaJebs da ar erideboda maRal notebs. mis simReras dahyveboda emociuroba da simZlavre, amiT kontrasts qmnida didonatosa da floresis daxvewil profesionalizmsa da erTgvar araemociurobasTan, rac maT operis debiutSi pirvelive scenebSi uCvenes da rasac ukve ver vityodi meore duetis bolo nawilze (Quali accenti! Quai tormenti!..Cielo! in qual estasi! ). sapirispirod, didonatos saSualo siZlieris xma, tembralurad Tanabari da myari mTel diapazonSi, studiuri Canawerebisagan gansxvavebiT vibrirebda, Tumca es misi gmiris saxes piriqiT uxdeboda. floresis SedarebiT patara siZlieris xma yovelmxriv JReradi iyo da mas ukve garkveuli Zalisxmeva sWirdeboda maRali si, do da re-s asaRebad, gansxvavebiT misi axalgazrduli wlebisa, rodesac igi amas gacilebiT iolad akeTebda.

operis siuJetma Seaxvedra Seyvarebulebi, rasac malkolmisa da elenes ulamazesi dueti mohyva ("Vivere io non potro"). tembraluri da samsaxiobo kontrastebi idealurad asaxavda SeyvarebulTa wyvils – emociuroba da erTgvari siuxeSe malkolmisa (daniela barselona) da sinaze da daxvewiloba elenesi (jois didonato). operis pirveli aqtis finali iyo iseTive STambeWdavi, rogorc ulamazesi da sakmaod ucnobi solo da ansamblebi. aRsaniSnavia meore tenoris, rodrigos, vokalurad uZnelesi partia, romelSic aris urTulesi, or oqtavamde misuli pasaJebi. pirvel warmodgenaSi am partias asrulebda amerikeli tenori jon osborni, romelmac saxeli gaiTqva rosinis ‘vilhelm telSi’ arnoldis partiis SesrulebiT, romis akademia ‘santa CeCiliaSi’ antonio papanos xelmZRvanelobiT. mas didi, araCrdiloeTuri tembris mqone xma hqonda, romelic raRaciT brius fordsa da kris meritis xmas mogagonebda. meore warmodgenaze am partias maikl spiresi asrulebda, ufro wvrili da cvalebadi tembris xmiT, qveda notebis ufro baritonaluri SeferilobiT da zeda notebis liriuli elferiT. jamSi osborni ufro morgebuli Canda am rolSi, Sesabamisad yvela Semdgom warmodgenaSi igi iyo gamocxadebuli. banebSi, romlebic elenes mamis, duglasis rolSi gamodiodnen, aseve premieraze simon orfila ufro momewona vidre misi Semcvleli, balin Sabo.

meore aqti iwyeba ubertos gancdebiT - igi elenes mimarT siyvaruliT aris Sepyrobili da eswrafvis masTan Sexvedras.  magram elene ar iziarebs mis grZnobebs da ukugdebuli uberto Cuqnis mas beWeds. magram gamoCndeba rodrigo, romelic ubertoSi Seicnobs Tavis metoqes da mters. ganrisxebuli rodrigo iwvevs ubertos duelze da uxmobs Tavis meomrebs. elene uSedegod cdilobs SeaCeros es orTabrZola. Semdeg scenaSi malkolmi, romelic CaTreulia mefis jarTan brZolaSi, uSedegod eZebs elenes, raTa daicvas igi. magram mas xvdeba erT-erTi mebrZoli, romelic atyobinebs rom ajanyebulebi Sepyrobilni arian mefis jaris mier, rodrigo ki moklulia duelSi, da duglasi Tavis qaliSvilTan erTad cdilobs moipovos mefis patieba.

mefis koSkTan miaxlovebul elenes esmis ubertos siyvarulis romansi romelic umReris Tavis siyvaruls - tbis ulamazes qalwuls. igi xvdeba ubertos da Txovs mas mefesTan audiencias. uberto amJRavnebs Tavis WeSmarit vinaobas, maSin elene beWdis meSveobiT patiebas Txovs mefes. mefe Tavis sityvas ar gatexs da ara mxolod aRadgens  duglasis ojaxis uflebebs, aramed moulodnelad dalocavs malkolmisa da elenes qorwinebas.

uZnelesi pasaJebiT datvirTuli ubertos aria (“Oh fiamma soave”), romliTac daiwyo meore aqti, me ukve mosmenili mqonda floresis studiaSi Cawerili rosinis ariebis diskidan da Tavis droze, SeiZleba iTqvas, namdvilad momajadova. amJamad mTeli darbazi sulganabuli usmenda am rTul arias (rogorc Tavad floresi televiziis erT-erT interviuSi aRniSnavs “iSviaTi haerovani koloraturiT savse”) da floresis uzado Sesrulebam rogorc darbazis aseve Cemi didi aRtaceba gamoiwvia. rogorc mTel operaSi da gansakuTrebiT am ariaSi, rosinim, rogorc romantizmis gamomxatvelma bel kantos musikiT miaRwia mwvervals. 37 wlis saxelganTqmuli tenori me mainc odnav daRlili momeCvena miuxedava imisa, rom zeda notebi ubadlo iyo da fioriturebi rafinirebuli.

meore aqtSi gamovyofdi malkolmis arias da kavatinas (Ah! si pera: ormai la morte!) da aseve rasakvirvelia elenes safinalo rondos (“Tanti affetti in tal momento!").

rosinis am naklebad cnobil SedevrSi ucnobi, axali da ulamazesi bel kantos melodiebis mxardamxar iyo dramatizmiT savse scenebi, romelic nebismier opera serias daamSvenebda, kerZod, pirveli aqtis finali da meore aqtis ubertos, elenes da rodrigos trio gundTan (“Qual pena in me…Parla…chi sei?’), sadac axalgazrda verdis niSnebsac Seicnobda musikis moyvaruli.

meore warmodgenas me ukve parteris meTerTmete rigidan vusmendi – aq orkestris JReradoba ar iyo iseTi idealuri, rogorc iarusze, magram xmebi gamokveTilad ismoda. meored mosmenam ufro metad gamimyara STabeWdileba imis Sesaxeb, rom veswrebi araCveulebriv, gansakuTrebul speqtakls, sadac umaRlesi rangis musika sinTezurad Serwymulia maRalprofesionalur SesrulebasTan. sayuradReboa roberto abados dinji da damajerebeli xelmZRvaneloba da la skalas orkestris profesionalizmi da Sekruloba. 

arcerT warmodgenaze daTqmul droisTvis dass ar gadaucilebia, Sesrulebis riTmi iyo skurpulozulad SenarCunebuli da uZnelesi koloratura daiZleoda imdenad ubralod, rom es Cveuli movlena gegoneboda. samwuxarod, miuxedavad mdidari da epoqis Sesaferisi kostiumebisa Tavad dadgma iyo zedmiwevniT gaubraloebuli, ris gamoc romantizmis elferi aklda. am mxriv, aqa iq reJisorulma miniSnebebmac (gundi XIX saukunis tansacmelebSi da a.S.) ver gadaarCina speqtakli –igrZnoboda statikuri da samsaxiobo dinamizmis nakleboba. miuxedavad amisa, sabolood me didi STabeWdilebebiT davbrundi milanidan da vumadlodi beds, rom orjer daveswari ubrwyinvales warmodgenas, romelic srulad Seesabameboda im maRal Tamasas, romelsac milanis saopero Teatri ‘la skala’ istoriulad atarebs.

daviT gigineiSvili
                                                      12.2011
gamoqveynebulia Jurnal "musika"-Si 2012 #1: 34-38.
http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/coll/0001/001106/