მიუნხენის საოპერო ფესტივალი 2005 / Munich Summer Opera Festival 2005

miunxenis saopero festivali musikaTmcodnisa da moyvarulis interess moklebuli arasodes ar iqneba. SarSandel festivalze, mis istoriaze da miRwevebze Cven farTod visaubreT presis furclebze (ixileT 2004 wlis ‘literaturuli saqarTvelos’ #32 [gv.12-13] da ’24 saaTi’ #182 [B3]). wlevandelzedac siamovnebiT mogiTxrobT, miuxedavad imisa, rom iq moxvedras mciredi, magram arcTu sasiamovno kuriozebi da Tavgadasavlebi axlda. jer iyo da germaniis sapasporto kontrolis oficerma verafriT ver aRiqva germaniaSi Camomsvlels ratom unda mqonoda safrangeTis saelCos mier gacemuli viza, romelic evrogaerTianebis sivrceSi mravaljeradi vizitebis gamo miviRe. arao, iCemebda oficeri, germaniaSi Camomsvlels mxolod germaniis sakonsulos gacemuli viza unda hqondeso! sxva azris gaziareba ar undoda. xangrZlivi bWobis Semdeg, rogorc iqna me gamatares da cxadia, bargis misaReb zonaSi me avRmoCndi bolo mgzavri. amitomac iyo, rom Cemi CanTa sadRac kuTxeSi oblad gamoiyureboda. magram ra vicodi, Tu aqac faTeraki meloda: xelCanTaze boqlomi aeZroT, miRrecil-moRrecil saketebze etyoboda, rom viRacas misi daTvaliereba moeswro. Mmoparuli iyo Tu ara raime, amis gasarkvevad qalaqis policiisaken mimiTiTes. sad aeroporti da sad qalaqis policia! ase, rom uSedego davas wertili davusvi da arcTu karg ganwyobaze myofi, vapirebdi am TiTqmis ukve miZinebuli aeropotis datovebas, rom aeroflotis erTma warmomadgenelma, saSualo asakis simpaTiurma mamakacma gulTan miitana Cemi mdgomareoba, SveliT veraferi miSvela, magram tkbili sityvebi ar daiSura da isic mirCia, usafrTxoebisaTvis rogori CanTis SeZena jobda. ukan dabrunebisas bargis TviTmfrinavis salonSi Setanac dampirda. keTil adamianTan saubriT imedmocemuli da xasiaTze mosuli, wamovedi Cemi gziT.     

diliT sastumroSi gaRviZebuls, ukve damaviwyda Cemi ‘moxerexubuli’ mgzavrobis wvrilmanebi.

radgan pirveli speqtakli, romelsac me unda davswrebodi imave dRes iyo, amitom Tadarigis dasaWerad saswrafod gaveSure saopero TeatrSi CemTvis dajavSnuli bileTebis asaRebad. imavdroulad pres-ofisis muSakis, suzen lutcis, naxvac davisaxe miznad. es is qalbatonia, romelmac dauRalavi megzuroba gamiwia akreditaciis mosapoveblad, ris Sedegadac 21-dan 24 ivlisamde CemTvis sasurvel speqtaklebze daswrebis saSualeba momeca. bileTebis salarosTan sasiamovno siurprizi meloda – bileTebTan erTad specialuri baraTi gadmomeca speqtaklis bukletisa da programis ufasod SesaZenad. agreTve momces ori germanulenovani wigni, romelic aSuqebda wlevandeli festivalis msvlelobas da miznebs. sxvaTaSoris, aRsaniSnavia rom yovel warmodgenisTvis mzaddeba maRalpoligrafiuli xarisxis bukleti (aranaklebi 140 gverdisa), sadac srul libretosTan erTad dabeWdilia feradi fotoebi speqtaklidan da aseve farTo informacia, rogorc kompozitorze da nawarmoebze, aseve damdgmeli rejisoris xedvaze. 

gunos ‘romeo da julieta/Romeo et Juliette’ romantikuli operis erT-erTi mwvervalia. misi musika CemTvis nacnobia, sxvadasxva sruli Sesrulebis Canawerebis meSveobiT. am speaqtaklSi upirvelesad mainteresebda mTavari Semsruleblebi, saxelganTqmuli anjela-maria blazi, marselo alvaresi da miunxenis kumiri – diriJori marCelo vioti. samwuxarod, es ukanaskneli ramdenime Tvis win sadiriJoro pultTan moulodnelad gardaicvala da mis nacvlad speqtakli waiyvana frederik Saslinma.

dadgma gadawyvetili iyo tradiciul inglisuri studenturi cxovrebis stilSi. dapirispirebuli universitetebis formiani axalgazrdebi scenaze paeqrobdnen. maTi mTavari iaraRi iyo sityva da melniani kalami. dizains ki amdidrebda didi formatis wignebi siyvarulze da pirvel urTierTobebze. marTalia Canafiqri viTom da urigo ar Canda, magram Cemi azriT, realobaSi es operas ar mouxda. arc jiulietas Semsruleblis – ana-maria blazis muqma da qveda registris xmam ver moaxdina Cemze STabeWdileba. miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqos ar aklda eqspresia, Tumca juletas cnobil ariaSi “” pirveli aqtis dasawyisSi man saWiro energia da SemarTeba daaklo. argentineli marselo alvaresis samxreTuli lamazi xma gacilebiT ukeTesi aRmoCnda. praqtikulad mdgradi tembraluri SeferilobiT mTel diapazonze, igi saWiroebisas forsirebasac ar iSlida da savsebiT avsebda bavariis nacionaluri operis darbazs. misi Sedareba SesaZlebelia roberto alaniasTan, Tumca, alania pianoze simReris ukeTesi ostatia. centraluri partiebis orive axalgazrda Semsrulebeli kolejis uniformaSi asakTad odnav Seuferebeli Canda. maT yovelanairi didi xarvezis gareSe waiyvanes partia, dasamaxsovrebeli iyo finaluri scena da dueti, romelic didi eqspresiiT Seasrules da kidevac daimsaxures aplodismentebi. sxva partiebis Semsruleblebidan gamovyofdi ana bonitatibusis lamaz mecos (stefanos) da mauricio muraros (mama laurenti) Rrma bans. danarCeni momRerlebi adekvaturad ubamdnen mxars mTavar Semsruleblebs. dadgmis xarvezebis miuxedavad warmodgena Sekruli da damTavrebuli gamoiyureboda. magram Semdegma speqtaklebma gadafares ‘romeo da julietas’ mosmenisas miRebuli STabeWdileba. Semdegi speqtakli, romelic Zalian mainteresebda iyo XVII saukunis cnobili saopero kompozitoris franCesko kavalis ‘kalisto/La Calisto’. es speqtakli bavariis saopero Teatris 2005 wlis sezonSi rom ar yofiliyo warmodegnili, igi festivalis premierad iqceoda. CemTvis igi sainterso iyo, pirvel rigSi, ara imdenad musikaluri RirsebebiT, aramed evropuli scenis brwyinvale Semsruleblebis gamo. centraluri partia unda Seesrulebina magdalena koJenas, magram mogvianebiT igi Seicvala CemTvis ucnobi ingliseli sali meTiuziT. rogorc amixsnes, es SemTxveva momRerlis fexmZimobiT yofila gamowveuli. speqtaklSi sxva cnobili saxelebi iyvnen dakavebulni: kontratenorebi dominik vise, lavrens zazo da gi de mei, soprano veronika Jensi, meco - monika baCeli, bani - umberto kiumo da a.S. dadgmam yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba: kavalis musika, arc ise iolia mosasmenad da igi Tavisi wyobiTa da palitriT barokos epoqis erT-erTi pirveli nimuSia. Aamdenad igi saWiroebs im drois Sesafer instrumentalur ansambls, rac sakmaod gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove saopero orkestrisagan. miuxedavad yovelive amisa, aivor boltonma amocana brwyinvaled Seasrula – bavariis saopero Teatris baroko ansamblma didebulad gaarTva Tavi partituras: gansakuTrebulad gamoiyofoda baroko giTara da viola da gamba. david alenis inscenireba imdenad maintrigebeli iyo, rom erT sul da erT xorcad qceuli mTeli darbazi, sami saaTis manZilze mojadoebuli miStereboda scenas. miTi kalistoze, romelic iupiters Cauvarda gulSi da romlis mosapoveblad mas dianas saxe unda mieRo, gadatanil iyo erTgvar komikur da burleskul stilSi, rac epoqebisa da kostiumebis areviT namdvil sanaxaobad iqca. miuxedavad CemTvis ucnobi operis libretosa, msaxiobTa TamaSidan da dadgmidan praqtikulad gasagebi xdeboda yvela centraluri scena. brwyinvale kostiumebma da sali meTiuzis momxibvlelobam xazi gausva operis Sarms da siyvarulisa da qaluri silamazis Temas. garkveuli doziT Setanilma Tanamedrove scenurma gabedulebam da siTamamem (erotuli scenebi msaxiobebis gaSiSvlebiT) ver gadaaWarba musikalur nawils da Sinaars, piriqiT, maqsimalurad misaRebi gaxada barokos opera Tanamedrove (da metwilad moumzadebeli) msmenelisaTvis. ver gavbedav imis Sefasebas, Tu ra dakarga Sesrulebam koJenas ar monawileobiT, magram sali meTiuzis lamazma da Zalzed moqnilma, am repertuarisaTvis idealurad momzadebulma xmam, momRerlis momxibvlelobasTan erTobliobaSi kargi STabeWdileba datova. aRsaniSnavia domenik vises (satirino) artistizmi (CanawerebSi misi mosmena erTgvarad damRlelic ki aris) da veronika Jensis (iunona) warmosadegoba. mayureblis Tvals xiblavda buki Sifis brwyinvale kostiumebi, gansakuTrebiT ki cxovelTa da bunebis RmerTebis – panisa da silvanos. kalisto gvevlineba sxvadasxva morTulobiT – mSvildisriT aRWurvili monadire, eleqtrikis feris viwro kabiT, xan cnobili saTamaSo barbis samejliso kabiT. scenuri gaformeba moicavda Tanamedrove miuzik-holis interiers ganaTebuli lampionebiT, rac vizualur efeqtTan erTad garkveul ironias Seicavda. speqtaklma didi triumfiT Caiara da gamoixata mayureblis amaRlebuli ganwyobiT.  

miunxeni namdvilad ar miekuTvneba qalaqebs, romlebic mosvenebisa da relaqsaciis saSualebas gaZlevdes. didi, xmauriani, savse maRaziebiTa da kafeebiT, igi imavdroulad Tavs iwonebs vitelsbaxebis dinastiis mefeebis koSkebiTa da rezidenciiT. gaverTe ra am brwyinvale istoriuli warsulis monaxulebiT, savsebiT bunebrivia, rom gadaviRale da ukve mesame speqtaklze miunxenis saopero TeatrSi droulad misvla ver movaxerxe. darbazSi Semiyvanes, magram, rogorc dagvianebuli, movxvdi ganaTebis marjvena loJaSi, romelic uSualod scenis Wers emezobleba. Am mdgomareobaSi myofs, sxva pirebTan erTad unda gamenawilebina es patara sivrce. Uuxerxul jdomas fexze dgoma vamjobine da ase gadavyurebdi scenas. ‘jadosnuri fleitis/Die Zauberflote’ pirveli aqtis is momenti iyo, rodesac taminos aria morCa da Ramis dedofali gamoCnda pirveli ariiT. miunxenis saxelmwifo operas xuTi iarusi amSvenebs, im simaRlidan ufro kargad sCanda uSvelebeli scena. dadgma, romelic 1978 wlidan xorcieldeba tradiciul stilSi – mocartis epiqosaTvis damaxasiaTebel kostiumebSi iyo gadawyvetili. wina speqtaklidan gamomdinare, dizainis simdidre da siuxve ar unda yofiliyo gasakviri. miuxedavad Cems mexsierebaSi CabeWdili, 2001 wels verner hercogis dadgmisa, romelic baltimoris operaSi mqonda nanaxi, me mainc gaocebuli davrCi am dadgmis masStabebiTa da interieriT. kaSkaSa ferebis siuxve da kostiumebis TvalSi sacemi simdidre, gansakuTrebiT finalur scenaSi, papagenosa da papagenas duetSi (patara bavSvebis gamoCena, romelsac bartyebiviT yuradgeba da dedis siTbo sWirdebaT) kidev erTxel xazs usvamda mocartis ukvdad optimizms da cxovrebis wyurvils. rac Seexeba vokalur nawils, aq papagenos rols asrulebda germanuli saopero scenis amomavali varskvlavi hano miuler-braxmani. mas didi da mWidro baritoni axasiaTebs, rac mocartis sxva operasac didad daamSvenebda, kerZod ‘figaros qorwinebas’. veterani kurt moli zarastros partiaSi jer kidev kargad gamoiyureboda, rainer trosti taminos partiaSi Tumca, did mwvervalebs ar aRwevda, magram misi lamazi da moqnili xma sasiamovnod moqmedebda msmenelze. paminas Semsrulebeli – juliana bansis xma im kategorias ganekuTneba, romelsac zogjer naxevar tonSi qvemoT uwevs mRera. misi didi xma srulad ver emorCileboda patrons, amitomac imedi gamicrua. diana damraum dedoflis meore aria iseTi energiiTa da SemarTebis Seasrula, rac Zalze iSviaTia scenaze, rom mxurvale ovaciebi daimsaxura. aivor boltons Zalze Sekrulad da tempSi mihqyavda orkestri. adgili, romelic dagvianebuls mergo, akustikurad momgebiani aRmoCnda rogorc xmebisaTvis, aseve orkestris mosasmenad. metic, kargad Canda diriJori da ioli iyo masze Tvalis midevneba Tu ra energias xarjavda is am speqtaklSi. metad momxibla dirijoris interpretaciam, Tumca savsebiT savaraudoa, rom masSi wina Taobis diriJorebis skolagamovlili orkestris wvlili imdenive iyo, ramdenic aivor boltonisa. mocartis musikaSi esoden bevri aqcentebis gamonaxva mxolod waadga operas da mianiWa mas sixasxase da  sicocxlisunarianoba. dadgmam kuriozis gareSe arc amJamad Caiara. iseve, rogorc baltimorSi, papagenos ariis msvlelobisas, aqac Cems wina rigSi atyda CoCqoli. erT-erT qalbatons guli wauvida. germanuli pasuxismgeblobiTa da pedanturobiT gamoiZaxes morige personali. Mmsmeneli sazogadoebis mTeli rigi fexze idga, magram    samedicino daxmarebis saWiroebis garese kuriozi maleve amoiwura. speqtaklis mimdinareobaze ki mas aranairi gavlena ar mouxdenia. 

hendelis opera ‘alcina/Alcina’, festivalis premiera iyo da igi Segnebulad movitove bolosTvis. programis mixedviT vicodiT, rom mTavari partia unda emRera doroTea rioSmans, baroko operis ubadlo Tanamedrove germanel Semsrulebels. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom misma xmam bolo dros dramatuli muqi elferi SeiZina, alcinas rolSi igi metad sainteresod meCveneboda. magram aqac gadaTamaSda movlenebi da es partia wilad ergo CemTvis sruliad ucnob ania xarteros. sxva partiebSi ki dakavebuli iyo iseTi varskvlavebi, rogorebic arian vaselina kazarova, veronika kangemi, sonia prina, jon mark einsli da sxvebi. ‘alcinas’ partiturac CemTvis kargad nacnobia sxvadasxva Canawerebidan. Aam jerze Cemi yuradReba miipyro diriJoris interpretaciam da reJisorulma  dadgmam. speqtakli midioda ara nacionalur TeatrSi, aramed princregentis patara TeatrSi (Prinzregententheater), romelic mesame saopero Teatria miunxenSi da aSenebulia 1901 wels. Ooperis Senoba mdebareobs mdidrul da wynar ubanSi – mdinare izaris aRmosavleT sanapiroze da garSemortymulia lamazi, saukunovani istoriis mqone feSenebeluri didi SenobebiT. darbazi patara, kinoTeatris magvari wyobiT aRmoCnda, loJebis mxolod erTi rigiT. 

hendelis drama, miuxedavad misi genialobisa, mainc kamerul xasiaTs atarebs. da es reJisuramac ver gamoaswora. magram moiZebna kargi xerxi - gverdiTi gasasvlelebisa da scenaze gamoyvanili kedlebis saxiT, amitomac moqmedebaSi pasiurad monawile personaJebic ar tovebdnen scenas da Tavisi JestikulaciiT da mimikiT iRebdnen masSi monawileobas. amiT iyo daZleuli statiuroba da umoZraoba, romelic operaSi gadatvirTuli brwyinvale ariebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. pirveli ori moqmedebis msvlelobisas personaJebis unravlesoba epoqis (inglisuri viqtorianuli epoqis) Sesaferisad iyo gamowyobili. es did efeqts sZenda alcinas Semsrulebels - Savi da wiTeli kaba xazs usmevda mis eleganturobas. didi dramatuli xmiT, romelic darbazSic ki ver eteoda, man pirveli aqtidanve dramatiuli elferi SesZina operas.  

kazarovam (alcinas tyveobaSi myofi rujero), romelic msmenelisTvis  ufro bel kantosa da romantikuli operebiT aris cnobili, am partiasac gaarTva Tavi, rasac xeli Seuwyo misma fenomenalurma vikalurma teqnikam. Tumca misi patara xma pirvel rigSi yuradRebas ipyrobs Tavisi uCveulo da momajadovebeli tembriT. veronika kangemis morgana iyo absoluturad unaklo – ver davmalav Cems aRfrTovanebas am momRerlis mimarT, baroko operaSi igi ubadloa! sonia prina – Tavidanve reinjeris rolSi gamowyobili bradamante, ruJeros satrfos xma, romelic rikardos saxeliT  daeZebs Tavis siyvaruls, raTa daibrunos igi alcinas jadosagan, zogjer ixSoboda orkestris JReradobaSi, Tumca, vokalurad partia gamarTuli iyo. igi Zveleburi musikis iseT momRerlebs miekuTvneba, romlebic patara darbazSi da Camwer studiaSi ufro morgebulni arian(natalia Stucmanis msgavsad). alcinas mxedarTmTavaris, orontes rolSi – britaneli tenori einsli Zalze efeqturad da WeSmaritad hendeliseburad asrulebda partias. axalgazrda obertos partiaSi, romelic daeZebs Tavis mamas, alcinas jadoTi gadaqceul cxovels, aseve britanelma debora iorkim, miuxedavaT patara xmisa, didi gemovnebiTa da tradiciul baroko stilSi Seasrula es partia. gamovyofdi aseve bramantes damrigeblis, melisos Semsrulebel inglisel bans qristofer parvis, romelmac Cinebulad gauklavda II aqtis arias (Pensa a chi geme d’amor). mesame aqtSi, Cemi azriT, gemovnebam umtyuna damdgmel rejisors – man samxedro reinjerebis formaSi gamoiyvana yvela Semsrulebeli (riTac epoqebs Soris paralelebs gadausva xazi), da Tu manamde bradamante da meliso iyvnen mxolod am banakis warmomadgenlebi, axla ‘militarizaciaSi’ yvela CaerTo. erTgvarad komikuri momeCvena samxedro aRlumis msgavsi cekvebi, Sesrulebuli sabaleto dasis mier. magram uCveuli sanaxaobas mowyurebuli msmeneli ki namdvilad moxibla. magram safinalo trios dinamizmi da dramatizmi amiT ar Semcirebula – alcina xom kargavs Tavis jados da Seyvarebuls, romelic bradamantes miyveba kunZulidan. is ramac Cemze aseve ganumeorebeli STabeWdileba moaxdina – es iyo aivor boltonis diriJoroba. hendeli cocxal SesrulebaSi aseTi wamaxvilebuli, dinamiuri da amave dros JReradi arasodes momismenia: Zveleburi instrumentebi ara mxolod gamoscemdnen bgerebs, aramed vokalistebTan erTad mRerodnen. brwyinvale akustikam xeli Seuwyo hendelis orkestrirebis niWis gamovlenas – sevdiani violino morganas ariaSi (Ama sospira) meore moqmedebis dros, aseve kontinuos frazireba rujeros ariaSi (Mio bel tesoro) imave aqtidan. Teorbas aqcentebi orontes ariaSi (E un folle) da mesame aqtSi solo orkestris nawilebi. Cems mexsierebaSi aseTi akademiurobiT orkestris xelmZRvaneloba maxsendeba mxolod bruno bartoletis mier belinis ‘mekobre’-s speqtaklSi, romelic metropolitan operaSi movismine 2002 wels.

am oTxi speqtakliT amoiwura CemTvis festivali, romelic gacilebiT met dadgmas da saopero varskvlavebs moicavda, Tumca Cemi azriT verdisa da vagneris mosmenas dRevandeli xmebiT mocarti da baroko operebi vamjobine da mgoni arc Sevmcdarvar. damafiqra mxolod erTma ramem – es iyo ‘alcina’-s dadgmaze axalgarzrda msmenelis katastrofuli simcire. xom ar mieqaneba evropuli sazogadoeba amerikuli modelisaken, sadac operas da dramatiul Teatrs, rogorc wesi, mxolod pensionerebi maspinZloben? da merwmuneT es upirvelesad, mxolod bileTis maRali fasiT rodia gamowveuli... 

დავით გიგინეიშვილი 

08.2005 
დაბეჭდილია გაზეთ "ლიტერატურულ საქართველო"–ში 2005 42(3563);15