მოცარტი 2006 – ზალცბურგის სამების ფესტივალი (ნაწილი I)

zalcburgis festivali warmoadgens evropaSi avtoritetul klasikuri musikis zeims. tradiciulad igi moicavs oTx RonisZiebas – zamTris mocartis kvira (dakavSirebuls mocartis dabadebis dRes 27 ianvars), gazafxulis aRdgomis festivali (Osterfespiele Salzburg), baroko musikis samebis festivali (Pfingsten Barock Festival) da Tavad sazafxulo festivali, romlis dros sruldeba mocartis operebi. wels mocartis dabadebis 250 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad festivalis mTavar nawilSi, anu 21 ivlisidan 31 agvistomde organizatorebma Caifiqres mocartis yvela operis warmodgena. am miznis ganxorcielebas miusadages erTi damatebiTi Teatris – mocartis saxlis gaxsna (Haus für Mozart), romelic festivalis mTavari darbazis gverdiT aSenda da 1500-ze met msmenels itevs.

baroko musikis festivali samebis dResaswaulis dros (2-5 ivnisi 2006წ.) aseve ukavSirdeboda mocarts (Wege zu Mozart) – amJamad warmodgenili iyo kompozitoris mier gadakeTebuli hendelis ori oratoria, originaluri simfoniebi, koncertebi da baxis ojaxis nawarmoebebi, romelTa gacnoba sxvadasxva wyaroebis Tanaxmad, mocarts piradad mouwia.  

pirveli speqtakli, romelsac daveswari, iyo hendelis ‘aleqsandres zeimi’ (Alexander’s Feast HWV 75). igi festivalis did darbazSi Catarda, romelic Tanamedrove erT did iarusian darbazs warmoadgens, aq scena pirvel rigTan Zalze axlos mdebareobs. sadarbazod gamowyobil damswreMsazogadoebaSi  sWarbobda saSualo da ufro meti asakis msmeneli. axalgazrda saxeebs mxolod ager-eger Tu naxavdiT, isic iarusze. miuxedavad mocartis versiisa, nawarmoebi inglisur enaze Sesrulda.

darbazis JReradobam momagona bostonis konservatoriis darbazi, romelic saxelganTqmuli bostonis simfoniuri orkestris mudmivi samyofelia. Canaweris donesTan SedarebiT darbazSi xma ismoda  saSualoze ufro dabali simZlavriT. aSkara iyo, rom darbazi ufro saopero da ara kameruli musikisaTvis iyo gaTvlili.

unda vaRiaro, rom mouTmenlad velodi Cem pirvel Sexvedras saxelganTqmul berlinis Zveleburi musikis orkestrTan – romelsac mxolod firma ‘harmonia mundi’-s Canawerebis saxiT vicnobdi. Cemi azriT es Canawerebi warmoadgens baroko musikis saukeTeso nimuSs, rac ganpirobebulia ara mxolod brwyinvale SesrulebiT, aramed Canaweris gamokveTili TaviseburebiTac. aq ki orkestris JReradobam gamicrua imedebi – ar iyo msgavseba Camweri kompaniis mier SemoTavazebul CanawerebTan – rogorc Cans, xmis reJisorebi sakmaod cvlian musikaluri suraTis ferebs, mateben mas met maRal sixSireebs da daxvewilobas.

orkestri moicavda sadRac 35 wevrs, gundi ki ocs. Zveleburi instrumentebidan TvalSi sacemi iyo arqilutna, klavesini da patara orRani. Sesavali daiwyo uvertiuriT – hendelisaTvis tipuri musikaluri nawyvetiT. Tumca Tavs hendelis musikis moyvarulad namdvilad miviCnev, aqamde es nawarmoebi ar mqonda mosmenili. oratoria aRmoCnda misi kameruli tipis oratoriebisa da didi masStaburi nawarmoebebis nazavi. sWarbobda ariebi – aRsaniSnavia virtuozuli vokaluri partiebi tenorisa da sopranosi, gansakuTrebiT tenoris da sopranos pirveli ariebi, sadac helena iuntenenma uCvena ubadlo sunTqvis SesaZleblobebi Tavbrudamxvevi fioriturebis gamkvlavebaSi. ariebi logikurad iyo gadajaWvuli gundTan, riTac garkveulad alamazebda ariebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel imdroindel ‘da kapo’-s stils. gamiWirdeba vTqva, sad iyo aq mocartis mier Setanili cvlilebebi. pirveli nawilis reCitativebs klavesini an lira uZRveboda. bani odnav mogvianebiT Semovida moqmedebaSi hendeliseuli qveda registris banis ariiT, sasule instrumentebis TanxlebiT. moCvenebiTi idiliuri musika irRveva da moqmedebaSi wuxili, daZabuloba da dardi Cndeba. amas hendeli sopranos partiiT axerxebs, misi mgrZnobiare ariiT violis sevdiani xmis TanxlebiT. ar SeiZleba aq ar vaxseno helena iuntenenis samsaxiobo unari, igi avlenda sakmao emociurobas da artistizms, romelmac es baroko warmodgena Zalze cocxali da Tanamedrove gaxada. amasTanave qalurma koketobam da egzaltaciam misi pirveli moqmedebis bolo ariaSi gaarRvia darbazis mdumare tradiciuloba da daimsaxura mxurvale aplodismentebi. pirveli nawili damTavrda didi gundiT, romelic imeorebda ariamde Sesrulebul  motivs (rac hendelis tipuri niSania). gundi ismoda zedmiwevniT kamerulad, ramac erTxel kidev  damarwmuna eklesiaSi oratoriebis Sesrulebis aucileblobaSi, sadac rezonansi saWiro sidinjesa da damajereblobas hmatebs musikas.

ukve pirveli moqmedebis Sua nawilidan simebiani instrumentebi nel-nela iReben mTavari Temis ganviTarebis pasuxismgeblobas. orkestris swori sivrciTi ganlageba qmnida sasiamovno efeqts, kerZod ori hornidan rene iakobsma banis ariaSi isini orkestris sapirispiro adgilebSi ganaTavsa, ramac erTgvarad eqos (an stereo) efeqti Seqmna. aRsaniSnavia, rom rogorc orkestrantebis mcire nawili, aseve momRerlebi nawarmoebis msvlelobaSi aqtiurad gadaadgildebodnen: solistebi ematebodnen gunds, orkestrantebi gamodiodnen diriJoris mier maTTvis miniWebul adgilebze. mcire SeCerebis Semdeg meore nawili daiwyo. aq iakobsma lutnas solo nomeri dauTmo (gamaxsneda msgavsi misi interpretacia hendelis ‘rinaldo’-s CanawerSi). Amas tenoris reCitativi orkestrTan TandarTviT uZRvoda, rac pompezur gundSi gadaizarda, romelSic hendeliseburi tradiciiT trompetebi, hornebi da sxva sasule instrumentebi srulad CaerTvnen. SemdgomSi mas ukve tradiciuli banis mamxnevebeli aria mohyva – tipuri ‘da kapo’, Sua nawilSi banma SesaSuri legatoebi kargad daZlia da partiis mesame aria maRali notis gaxangrZlivebiT daasrula. darbazi am faqts umalve aplodismentebiT gamoexmaura. iakobsma isargebla SesvenebiT, xelmZRvaneloba xelT aiRo da nawarmoebi ganagrZo. orkestris simebiani nawilis idealuri erToba meore nawilSi mkafiod gamoCnda. aqcentebi iyo gamokveTili da sinqronuli. auRelvebeli tempisagan ukve araferi darCa. Semdegi tenorisa da sopranos ariebi SeiZleba ar warmoadgendnen gansakuTrebul musikalur nimuSebs, magram kargad iyvnen Cabmuli siuJetur xazSi. reCitativebi ukve srulad iyo Secvlili orkestris aranJirebiT, rac xazs usvamda moqmedebis dramatizms. nawarmoebi ukve ki ar sruldeboba, aramed erTianad mihqroda – am dros rolSi Sesuli orkestrantebi da momRerlebi srul erTobas ganicdidnen. mokle meore nawili damTavrda gundiT – sadac SeumCneveli ganmeorebadi kreSendoebi sWarbobda.

DdamTavrda speqtakli da mayurebeli ver malavda Tavis aRfrTovanebas. iakobsma Tu idealuri ara, Zalze STambeWdavi Sesruleba namdvilad SemogvTavaza. pirveli violino, SesamCnevad maRali da susti axalgazrda musikosi, aRmoCnda orkestris mTavari burji. vokalistebidan ukve aRvniSne koloraturuli soprano helena iunteneni, romelmac ubadlod imRera Tavisi partia, tenori – SedarebiT asakovani kobi van rensburgi – masze dakisrebul misis mondomebiT asrulebda. am fonze bani – rusi axalgazrda Semsrulebeli, nikolai borSovi, ufro bas-baritoni, gamoirCeoda usaxo dablebiTa da kargi maRlebiT, Tavisi axalgazrduli energiiT igi gaumklavda am partias.

Sesruleba gamovida Zalze akademiuri, STambeWdavi da damanaxa baroko musikis Tanamedroveoba da ukvdaveba. STabeWdilebiT aRsavse darbazi ver malavda aRfrTovanebas da dausrulebliv iwvevda musikosebs scenaze.

რენე იაკობსი, ნ.ბორშოვი, კ.ვან რენსბურგი და ჰ.იუნტენენი

SabaTs, 3 ivniss warmodgenebma ‘mocarteumSi’ gadainacvla, romelic sanapiros meore (marjvena) mxares aris ganlagebuli. ‘mocarteumis’ didi darbazi Cvens konservatorias mogvagonebs, Tumca scena odnav viwroa, xolo darbazs mxolod erTiani farTo balkoni axlavs. cxadia aseTi darbazi kameruli musikisTvis ufroa gankuTvnili. diliT warmodgenas iZleoda saxelganTqmuli baxis specialisti tom kupmani Tavis orkestrTan erTad.  

ზალცბურგის 'მოზარტეუმის' შენობა

 amsterdamis baroko orkestri warmodgenili iyo axalgazrda mandilosnebiT da pirveli violinoc qalbatoni iyo. orkestri 22 wevrisagan Sedgeboda. darbazSi speqtaklis dawyebamde 2 Zveli klavesini da erTi pianoforte iwvevda mayureblebis did interess. 

'მოცარტეუმის' დარბაზი ტონ კუპმანის კონცერტის წინ

programis pirveli nawili iyo karl filip emanuel baxis 2 simfoniidan (Wq No.1, 4) da erTi koncertidan klavesinisa da pianofortesaTvis (Wq 47). karl filipi, mamisagan gansxvavebiT, met aqcentebs tempze da efeqtebze akeTebda Tan (pruseTis imperatoris simpaTiis gamo) fleitas wamyvan rols aniWebda. Sesruleba iyo umaRlesi klasis, rac iakobsis orkestrs didma darbazma daaklo, ‘mocarteumis’ kedlebma kupmanis orkestrs fantastikuri JReradoba mianiWa. mgoni misi orkestri metad asketurad Cans firma Erato-s CanawerebSi, vidre im dRes ismoda darbazSi. Zveleburi instrumentebi idumal da daviwyebul warsuls mogagonebda da gaxsenebda literaturul gmirebs. auRelvebel iakobsTan SedarebiT kupmani aRmoCnda Zalze moqnili da eqspansiuri. koncertSi igi Tavad uZRveboda klavesins, pianoforteze ki tini mato ukravda. am nawarmoebma, romelic ufro xumrobas waagavda, mayurebeli gagvaxalisa. rogorc tradiciulad CanawerebSi, pianofortes patara da CaxSuli xma aRmoaCnda, samagireod klavesini ismoda mTeli diapazoniT – brwyinvale banebidan, wkriala maRlebamde. orkestri iyo kargad dabalansebuli, violinoebi marcxniv ganlagebuli da banebi marjvniv. Semdeg Sesrulda vilhelm frideman baxis re-minoruli simfonia, romelic Tavisi musikaluri eniT mamis musikalur tiloebs waagavda. magram rodesac iohan sebastianis Sesrulebaze gadavida orkestri naTeli gaxda, rom am bumberaz musikoss verc erTi Seedreboda. kupmanma amoarCia misi kantata BWV42-s Sesavali, rTuli da modernistuli nawarmoebi, romelic udavod uswrebda baxis maSindel epoqas. sevda, fiqrebi da erTiani samyaros gancda – ai is, rac am nawarmoebma gamoiwvia. koncerti dasrulda cnobili uvertiuriT orkestrisaTvis No.3 BWV1068. am cnobili nawarmoebis meore sevdiani nawilisaTvis (aria) tempebi iyo Cqari, trompetebi da hornebi sruli moculobiT iyo CarTuli yvela swraf da sazeimo nawilebSi. JReradoba iyo fantastikuri, sruli simZlavriT. aRfrTovanebuli msmenelebi kupmans scenidan ar uSvebdnen. isic gamoexmaura maT da jer suitis mesame nawili, xolo mere meore sevdiani nawili Seasrula – amJamad sxva aqcentebiT, meti sinaziT, riTac kidev erTxel gamovlinda baxis sidiade. koncertma imdenad aRmafrTovana, rom ar megona Tu raime waSlida am STabeWdilebas. 

ტონ კუპმანი (მარჯვნივ) ამსტერდამის ბაროკო ორკესტრთან

daviT gigineiSvili

dabeWdilia Jurnal "saqarTvelos biblioTeka" 2006 (3): 64-67.